AP style: Not addressed, although AP does not use the abbreviation MD. Healthyplace.com has a good discussion of the differences. People who use wheelchairs have widely different disabilities and varying abilities. Background: The majority of people with disabilities have chronic conditions that are invisible or hidden. If the source is not available or unable to communicate, ask a trusted family member, advocate, medical professional or relevant organization that represents people with disabilities. Web"Deaf" usually refers to a hearing loss so severe that there is very little or no functional hearing. The condition is a neural tube defect that occurs when the spinal column does not close all the way in the womb. Background: The Americans with Disabilities Act is federal civil rights legislation that was signed into law in 1990 to address discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, public accommodations, transportation and telecommunications as well as state and local government services. Do not use the terms addiction and dependence interchangeably. Dont use the term SPED as shorthand for special education. The phrase abnormal behavior reflects social-cultural standards and is open to different interpretations. Psychotherapist: An umbrella term for mental health professionals trained to treat people for their health problems. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. A genetic condition is congenital, but a congenital condition is not necessarily genetic. NCDJ recommendation: Do not apply the term invisible disability to people without asking what they prefer. People with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with disabilities experience. People often use "suffering" to describe disabilities because they understand disability as a condition, something that only causes pain and suffering. For example, They found the election results depressing.. Background: Ableism refers to discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities. For example, the National Center on Deaf-Blindness retains the hyphen. NCDJ Recommendation: Use person with chemical intolerance or people with environmental illness. Do not use chemophobic as it is considered derogatory. In the first case, we suggest the answer is no. The fact that someone uses a wheelchair does not make the airplane noise any more or less irritating. Conforms to AP style, which adds that in describing groups of people, or when individual preferences cannot be determined, use person-first language. Do not assume that a person who has had a seizure has epilepsy. AP style: Schizophrenia is classified as a mental illness. It does not involve split personalities. Onset could be in infancy, childhood, middle age or later. In 2009, the writers of the television show Glee introduced the term handicapable as a positive alternative to other ways of referring to people with disabilities. It is best to ask people which term they prefer to describe them. Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a group of complex disorders related to brain development, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Post-traumatic stress disorder is correct on first reference; use PTSD on second reference. For similar reasons, there is disagreement about characterizing disease or illness as a battle, as in to battle cancer. These arguments surfaced after U.S. According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true. It is not caused by problems in the muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the brain that control muscle movement. The following broad definitions are sourced from Psychology Today: NCDJ Recommendation: Ask professionals how they should be identified, based on their formal training. Some prefer being called dyslexic, others prefer people-first language, as in a person with dyslexia.. Specifically, some members of the autism and Deaf communities prefer identity-first language. Instead, be specific about the condition and use only if relevant to the story. why is hearing impaired a slur. Background: People-first language avoids defining people in terms of their disability. NCDJ Recommendation: Caregiver is preferable to caretaker when referring to the care of people. Background: A chronic illness is defined by the National Health Council as a health condition lasting three months or longer and includes conditions such as cancer or heart disease. The terms senility and senile denote conditions brought on by aging and often are used incorrectly to denote dementia. Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability because the terms imply that the person is somehow incomplete or sub-par. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having autistic spectrum disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to injuries as being sustained or received rather than suffered, as suffer implies that an injured person is a victim or somehow less than a person who has not been injured. National Institute of Neurological Disorders. ear infection. Background: Muscular dystrophy could refer to any of more than 30 genetic conditions characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the muscles that control movement, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Background: Infantile paralysis is shorthand for poliomyelitis and was commonly used in the past to describe polio. en abril 28, 2022 abril 28, 2022 moaning minnie synonym. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. We also will include some guidance in individual entries here but again, we encourage you to confirm on a case-by-case basis. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to an individuals mental illness only when it is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. She experiences symptoms of psychosis is preferable to She is psychotic. He has a bipolar disorder is preferable to He is bipolar.. You can also download the NCDJ Style Guide as a PDF. The appropriateness of the terms is disputed by those within and outside of the organization. NCDJ Recommendation: Because it is not commonly used, particularly in the U.S., include a definition when using the term. Some are opposed to the use of AAC because of the belief that it will hinder language development. Specify the type of condition if it is known. The disorder was originally named for French neurologist Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first described the condition in 1885, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Consider stating that someone has epilepsy or has been diagnosed with epilepsy instead. AP style: Not addressed except in terms of abbreviation: AA is acceptable on second reference. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dissociative identity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. For more information, consult the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division Disability Rights Section. AP style: The stylebook says birth defect is acceptable in broad references, such as lessening the chances of birth defects. The discussion can be found here. Background: According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, disfigurement refers to physical changes caused by burns, trauma, disease or congenital conditions.. A signer is a person who may be able to communicate conversationally with deaf persons but who may not necessarily possess the skills and expertise to accurately interpret complex dialogue or information, according to the . Nasal, raspy or strained voice. NCDJ Recommendation: If youre an educator, consider alerting students ahead of time if content contains graphic descriptions of traumatic events. In 2010, President Barack Obama signed a measure known as Rosas Law that replaced the term mental retardation with intellectual disability in many areas of government, including federal law. In some cases, the word typical can be used to describe a non-disabled condition, although be aware that some in the disability community object to its use. It is typically caused by a spinal cord or brain injury. Use interpreter only for those who have completed advanced training. combination of your inner ear and the nerves in your ear. NCDJ Recommendation: The words abnormal or abnormality might be acceptable when describing scientific phenomena, such as abnormalities in brain function. Background: The term interabled is used by some in the disability community to refer to couples in which one person has a disability and the other does not. Background: Abnormality is a word used to describe a condition that deviates from what is considered normal. Amy Silverman, NCDJ advisory board member. Archaeologist Elisa Perego coined the term long COVID to refer to people with lasting symptoms. The term midget was used in the past to describe an unusually short and proportionate person. Why is it often considered more PC to say "Hard of Hearing" instead? Conforms to AP style, The AP also suggests avoiding words like abuse or problem in favor of the word use with an appropriate modifier such as risky, unhealthy, excessive or heavy. Misuse also is acceptable. NCDJ Recommendation: The terms deafblind, deafblindness, deaf-blind and deaf-blindness are all acceptable. However, symptoms vary across the spectrum. However, advocates support the device for suitable candidates. Use obsessive-compulsive disorder on first reference; OCD is acceptable in second reference. 3. Many experts classify autism as a developmental disability. People with these conditions often are referred to as quadriplegics and paraplegics, but these terms are considered offensive by some. Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Whenever possible, specify the specific illness a person has rather than mental illness in general. From My Heart Cant Even Believe It: A Story of Science, Love and Down Syndrome, (Amy Silverman, Woodbine House, 2016): The wordretardedhas a slang-free history. And so we are no longer offering advice regarding a default. Color vision deficiency is becoming more widely used, but you may have to explain its meaning, depending upon the context. The word condition is often a good substitute that avoids judgement. AP style: The stylebook uses deaf to describe a person with total hearing loss and partially deaf or partial hearing loss for others. Instead, define it as an electronic device that can assist a person who is deaf or hard of hearing in understanding speech. Background: Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1935 by Bill W. and Dr. Bob S. in Akron, Ohio, according to the AA General Service Office. Background: The terms mentally retarded, retard and mental retardation were once common terms that are now considered outdated and offensive. Use of sustain or receive removes the implied judgment. A treatment center is an establishment usually run by psychiatric or medical professionals. They also are sometimes called assistance animals, guide dogs, or Seeing Eye dogs. Many prefer blind or blind person, while others prefer a person with blindness. Other commonly used terms include: Because these terms tend to be imprecise, consider asking how the visual condition affects acuity. Sometimes people with quadriplegia refer to themselves as quads. In these cases, use in quotes. Do your best. Symptoms include restlessness, difficulty in focusing or staying organized and impulsivity. Proponents of the term say it helps to destigmatize relationships between people with disabilities and people without disabilities. Instead use the word condition and try to identify the specific diagnosis if possible. The pandemic altered the way many people think about disability, as people who had never encountered such obstacles were suddenly unable to leave their houses. Personally, I'm not offended by this term at all. Background: These terms carry the assumption that a person with a disability is suffering or has a reduced quality of life. Do not refer to an unsuccessful suicide attempt. Refer instead to an attempted suicide.. It is important to understand that many people do not consider being deaf or having hearing loss as a disability. Be cautious when using the term abnormal behavior. Explain what it means in the context in which it is being used. AA is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism, according to the groups preamble. Remember that some in the autism community object to the term. It can be appropriate when used in a medical context, such as abnormal curvature of the spine or an abnormal test result. However, when used to describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory. If you are going to use it in a quote, consider that decision carefully, as the word is particularly charged. The BBC and The Conversation both have well-considered takes on it. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not call someone disfigured as it is considered derogatory. Avoid alcoholic, addict, user and abuser unless individuals prefer those terms for themselves or if they occur in quotations or names of organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous. Many people object to the use of the word to describe a physical condition because it is used in colloquial English as a synonym for weak, as in: Thats a lame excuse., The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines lamebrain as a dull-witted person.. Adults are also diagnosed with ADHD. NCDJ Recommendation: When possible, avoid describing a person or condition as impaired. Alternative language for hearing impairment and visual impairment are offered under those entries. The device does not fully restore hearing, but it gives a representation of sounds to help a person understand speech. Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cued speech is a building block that helps children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing better understand spoken languages. Its a series of hand signs and spots near the mouth used to differentiate between sounds that look the same as one is mouthing them. Instead, refer to the persons specific condition or use person with a disability. The terms are still widely used and generally acceptable when citing laws, regulations, places or things, such as handicapped parking, although many prefer the term accessible parking. Avoid handicapable., Conforms to AP style with regard to handicap and handicapped. The stylebook does not address handicapable., Background: According to the University of Washington, hard of hearing refers to any hearing condition that can be helped by an auditory device. AP style: The style book states that congenital disorder is acceptable and recommends being specific about the condition. However, only about 15% of those with eye conditions are totally blind. Some people have a physical characteristic that is not a result of an amputation. Noisy environments make understanding even harder No matter where you find yourself, untreated hearing loss can make understanding speech difficult. Signs of albinism are usually apparent in a persons skin, hair and eye color, but sometimes differences are slight. For example, they might say that an individual with Down syndrome lives with minimal or no extra l assistance. Other terms are acceptable for those with some vision loss. Should someone who is blind be identified as such in a story about people who have been stranded while hiking and had to be rescued? AP style: The AP merely defines Tourette Syndrome as, A neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements and vocalizations.. Be cautious about calling someone an ableist just as you would be cautious about calling someone a racist or a sexist. Help them exercise regularly. They may prefer non-disabled or enabled as being more accurate. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having bipolar disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Dysarthria can often lead to a complete loss of speech known as anarthria. As language, perceptions and social mores change rapidly, it is becoming increasingly difficult for journalists and other communicators to figure out how to refer to people with disabilities. Did you know that Disability advocacy groups emphasize that it is important not to assume people are homebound if they are disabled. Earwax buildup (cerumen) can occlude sound from passing through to the middle ear. Background: Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental illness characterized by distorted recognition and interpretations of reality, affecting how an individual thinks, feels and acts, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.Common symptoms include visual and auditory hallucinations, delusional and disordered thinking, unresponsiveness, and a lack of pleasure in daily life and other social issues. It is important to note that some autism advocates do not like this term; it tends to be embraced by self advocates, but not as frequently by families of people with autism who also have intellectual disabilities and other challenges. There are many types of seizures, which range in severity. WebAs you can see, even mild hearing loss can affect the sounds of speech, making it difficult to understand words with consonant sounds. Deaf and hard of hearing became the official terms recommended by the World Federation of the Deaf in 1991. Although technology is making it easier for libraries to provide effective Alternate phrases include killed himself, took her own life or died by suicide. The verb commit with suicide can imply a criminal act. In the second case, the answer is maybe. If the hikers blindness contributed to him or her getting stranded, making note of that fact is relevant. Dont assume all people who engage in misuse have an addiction. Hearing is a prerequisite for the development of normal speech & language. Referring to someone who does not have a disability as a normal person implies that people with disabilities are deviant or strange. NCDJ Recommendation: Use the term mental illness instead of insane or mentally deranged, except in a quote or when referring to a criminal defense. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using the terms high functioning and low functioning. Instead, use medical diagnoses and describe an individuals abilities and challenges, rather than using less-specific labels. The word dates to Old English, where it was related to words that meant to creep or bend over. According to the blog grammarphobia.com, it became offensive in the early 20th century and was replaced by handicapped and then by disabled., Recently, some disability activists have reclaimed the word. Medically assisted suicide is permitted in some states and countries. When referring to a drug test, state that the person tested positive for (drug)., NCDJ Recommendation: Addiction is an acceptable term, although some prefer substance abuse disorder. It is preferable to refer to someone who harmfully uses drugs as someone with a drug addiction rather than an addict. Use recovering or in recovery from to refer to someone trying to overcome an addiction; that is, someone recovering from a methamphetamine addiction.. Background: Disability and disabled generally describe functional limitations that affect one or more of the major life activities, including walking, lifting, learning and breathing. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. It is important to note that augmentative and alternative communication a general term used to refer to alternative methods that allow for written and spoken expression is considered very different from facilitated communication. The federal definition of a service animal applies to any guide dog, signal dog or other animal trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability. This may include animals that guide individuals with impacted vision, alert individuals with impacted hearing to intruders or sounds, provide minimal protection or rescue work, pull a wheelchair or fetch dropped items. The stylebook also warns against drawing a connection between mental illness and violent crime and recommends that any source used to characterize a criminal suspects mental health history should have the authority to speak on the matter. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term retarded or other iterations. NCDJ Recommendation: Deaf or hard of hearing are the preferred terms. Many prefer people-first language, such as a person with quadriplegia rather than quadriplegic, since the latter implies that the condition defines them. There are four types of spina bifida. The guide was developed by the National Center on Disability and Journalism at Arizona State Universitys Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication and was last updated in the summer of 2021. Background: Hospitals that cared for people with various mental illnesses, often for long periods of time, were once commonly referred to as insane asylums. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability. Many people in the Deaf community prefer the use of a lowercase d to refer to audiological status and the use of a capital D when referring to the culture and community of Deaf people. Similarly, ask whether the person prefers identity-first or people-first language. The stylebook suggests using terms such as mentally disabled, intellectually disabled and developmentally disabled., See also Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, See entry on Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Background: The term was commonly used in the late 19th century to refer to people who had Down syndrome, due to the similarity of some of the physical characteristics of the disorder to Eastern Asian people, who were called Mongoloid, according to the Oxford English dictionary. Seizures are more common than you might think. Its symptoms include muscle weakness and paralysis. It is a negative commotation. AP style: Cripple is considered offensive when used to describe a person who is lame or disabled. However, use the term the person prefers if its possible to ask. The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders consolidates all autism disorders under the larger autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. More. The term high-functioning autism is widely used but is not a medical diagnosis, and many consider it offensive. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. Common congenital disabilities include Down syndrome, heart-related medical conditions and most forms of cerebral palsy. NCDJ Recommendation: When writing about Tiffany Yus group, use Diversability as a proper name. Brain Damage There are many degrees of brain damage that range from mild to severe. WebFeeling Tired or Stressed. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the word and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. WebInclude plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables in their diet. You can also access a Romanian translation of the guide here. When quoting or paraphrasing a person who has signed their responses, its appropriate on first reference to indicate that the responses were signed. NCDJ Recommendation: Specify American Sign Language on first reference, capitalizing all three words. When possible, refer to a persons specific condition. For example, the terms failed attempt or successful or completed attempt depict suicide as a goal, project or solution. In this guide, we urge reporters and other communications professionals to refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story being told. According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, Non-disabled is the preferred term when the context calls for a comparison between people with and without disabilities. However, some readers object to trigger warnings and view them as patronizing and stifling to academic freedom. The association recommends using people-first language to describe mental illness in order to avoid defining people by their disability. Avoid made-up words like diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotes or to refer to a movement or organization. NCDJ Recommendation: The proper term for the disorder is Down syndrome, not Downs syndrome or Downs Syndrome. See also Insane/insanity/mentally deranged/psychopathology. Although involuntary cursing is commonly thought to be a key trait of the disorder, only a minority of those with Tourette syndrome exhibit this symptom. Paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. Even the term disability is not universally accepted. NCDJ Recommendation: Blind may be used for people who have complete or almost complete loss of sight. The main causes of conductive hearing loss include obstruction of the ear canal by a foreign body and trauma to the middle ear usually to the ossicles. There is some ambiguity about the difference between stuttering and stammering and which term is appropriate in different contexts. Do not use OCD as an adjective for someone who obsesses over certain things but has not been formally diagnosed with the disorder. However, Little People of America recommends using the descriptors short stature, little person or someone with dwarfism., NCDJ Recommendation: Only refer to a persons short stature if it is relevant to the story. Laws against suicide have been repealed in the U.S. and many other places. Others, including the authors of Great Minds and How to Grow Them, question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. Writing about disability is complicated and requires sensitivity a must for any form of journalism that involves people. While speech impediment and speech disorder are still widely used within the medical community, many consider the terms offensive because they describe the conditions in terms of a deficiency. 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