Based on extensive research that demonstrates the correlation between confidence and performance, HMH Math Inventory shifts the focus from measuring what students don't know to spotlighting the principles they're ready to learn. Many schools using the Common Core standards are utilizing the teaching resources and progress assessments produced by SBAC. Niveles de Rendimiento Frameworks. quotes. Students who take Smarter Balanced assessments receive their SBAC score results in two ways: Scaled scores and Achievement levels. The Lexile rankings assigned to a result provide educators with an estimate of the reading difficulty of the result, and the approximate grade level reading ability required for comprehension. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Achievement levels are based on a students scaled score. using the instrument. The student measure describes what mathematics the student likely already understands and what the student is ready to learn in the future. For example, a fifth-grade student with a GE score of 7.6 performed as well as a typical . State Government websites value user privacy. We use cookies. The Quantile Framework for Mathematics has been linked with the Smarter Balanced summative assessment in Mathematics for grades 3- 8. Copyright 2023 LIGHTSAIL INC. All rights reserved. Distribution of the Lexile and Quantile Measures Reports is optional. The Lexile Growth Planner of fers a snapshot of a student's progress toward college and career readiness. Estimated EOG/EOC Cut Scores for Achievement Levels Approx. These include the table of contents, index, glossary, headings, bold words, sidebars, pictures and captions, and labeled diagrams. Students get a Quantile measure from a mathematics state test or another standardized test. Achievement Level (Not Proficient, 3, 4 or 5 for EOGs and EOCs OR Not Proficient, 3 or 4 for NCEXTEND1) Scale score; Percentile Rank; Lexile for Reading and Quantile for Mathematics ; You are also provided a comparison of how your child performed to the average scale scores of students in your child's school, WCPSS and North Carolina. A computed Quantile measure is 772, it should be reported as 770Q. The test is adaptive. A proficient first grader would score between 200L and 300L, while an adequate reader in the 12th grade would earn a score in the range of 1060L and 1320L. found in the tests and the Quantile measures of the skills/concepts. State Government websites value user privacy. Los estudiantes en Nivel 3 demuestran una comprensin satisfactoria de los estndares de contenido a nivel de grado, aunque pudieran necesitar algo de ayuda con el contenido del prximo grado/curso. The Reading Inventory (RI) is a nationally normed, formative assessment that provides a reading level in the form of a Lexile. The NDDPI administers all aspects of the NDSA, ensuring that each assessment meets rigorous program requirements for validity and reliability, inclusion . used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical. The Lexile Frameworkfor Reading, commonly referred to as the Lexile Framework, has been linked with the North Carolina End-of-Grade Assessment in English Language Arts in grades 38 and North Carolina End-of-Course in English II. Students are given a Quantile measure each time they take an ISIP math assessment. The table below will help teachers gauge how their students are performing based on their grade level. Quantile measures help educators and parents target instruction and monitor student growth toward learning standards and the mathematics demands of college and careers. To see all available STAAR resources, visit the STAAR Resources webpage . Beginning of Year (BOY) - Fall Middle of Year (MOY) - Winter End of Year (EOY) - Spring Percentiles of Students Measured 10 90 You are viewing the 50th to 90th Percentile of the student population. This table provides reporting caps by grade and course: Some assessments report a Quantile range of 50Q above and 50Q below the students Curriculum Frameworks & Instructional Materials, California School Dashboard and System of Support, Dashboard Alternative School Status (DASS), Local Educational Agency Accountability Report Card, CA Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (CAASPP), CA High School Proficiency Examination (CHSPE), English Language Proficiency Assessments for CA (ELPAC), National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Standardized Account Code Structure (SACS), California Basic Educational Data System (CBEDS), California Longitudinal Pupil Achievement Data System (CALPADS), Consolidated Application and Reporting System (CARS), Current Expense of Education & Per-pupil Spending, Free and Reduced Price Meal Eligibility Data, CA Equity Performance and Improvement Program, Child Nutrition Information & Payment System (CNIPS), California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (CAASPP) System, CA Assessment of Student Performance and Progress, English Language Proficiency Assessments for CA, California High School Proficiency Examination, CA Assessment Accessibility Resources Matrix, CAASPP 2022 Data Summary and Cross-tabulations. Each post is written to be insightful, practical and most of all, based on what we know works from our experiences with tens of thousands of classrooms across the country. Students performing at this level have satisfactory academic performance indicating a solid understanding and display of the knowledge and skills included in state and national content standards. The tests form part of the state's California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress, or CAASPP. Lexile and Quantile Measures Parent Notification Letter TemplateCustomizable letter for parents/guardians about Lexile and Quantile measures that includes information about Lexile and Quantile Measures Reports. Text features include all the components of a story or article that are not the main body of text. This bar represents the average district scale score based on the fall or spring test administration data available on the report print date. You can filter the list so only the grades you want to see are displayed. Students may be matched with reading material that facilitates the optimal growth in their reading comprehension ability. NAEP data shows eighth grade African-American students in Minnesota had an average math score that was 45 points lower than white students. Students at Level 3 demonstratesufficientunderstanding of grade-level content standards though some support may be needed to engage with content at the next grade/course. Achieving maximum growth for each individual can be tricky, and requires constant monitoring, motivation and regular assessment. Levels 3 and above indicate a student's performance is on-grade level. Time limit: 90 days. A quartile score places you in a group - the first quartile are all the scores in the bottom 25%; the second quartile are all the scores between 26 and 50%; the third q. Percentile. In addition to showing individual achievement and growth, the scaled scores of a schools student population can be combined together to reflect school- and district-level changes in performance. the California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress (CAASPP), Smarter Balanced English Language Arts/Literacy and Mathematics, and the California Science Test (CAST), which began its administration in 201819. The Quantile ranges at each grade level reflect the middle 50% of students based upon their performance on tests that report student Quantile measures. The CAASPP test assesses how well students are learning new and rigorous state standards designed to prepare them for college coursework and 21st-century careers. document. Bella's score of 613 on the Star Reading test results in a placement in Level 2, below the target of Level 3. How many deaths are caused by flu each year? If the EVAAS Prediction: 90% or > likelihood of achieving a Level IV on the Math I EOC Parents will receive daily emails with fun activities and links to educational resources throughout the six-week program. This could be the state test or another standardized test like NWEAs MAP Growth or Istation. Access communications resources including the Lexile parent guide, educator guide, librarian guide, Lexile map, Lexile infographic and video at https://lexile.com/parents-students/. To find a q-quantile, you can follow a similar method to that used for quartiles, except in steps 3-5, multiply n by multiples of 1/q instead of 1/4. by a capital Q. There is no space between the measure and the Q and measures of one It creates Common Core State Standards-aligned tests (adaptive online exams) to be used in several states. The higher the Lexile measure, the higher the student's reading level. Quantile measures are expressed as numbers followed by a "Q" (for example, 850Q) and range from emerging mathematician (below 0Q) to above 1600Q. With Lexile and Quantile measures, educators and parents can spur and support student learning. We've gathered information on the topics educators ask us about most often. The scores on these assessments are only one of many indicators of how students are progressing. He also edits and writes articles for the IronSet blog where he shares his experiences. Las calificaciones de las pruebas siempre se deben considerar junto con toda la informacin provista por el maestro(a) sobre el alumno. > "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What is SBAC? This showcases the need for introducing the right reading plan for each student as early as possible, which will allow them to take advantage of the rapid Lexile growth that can be achieved by readers in earlier grades. How to Find a Child's Lexile Level. The EOG and EOC tests for reading are linked to The Lexile Framework for Reading. The column headings on the ISR outline each achievement level and the scale score range associated with each achievement level. Score Reporting Student Score Reports (SSRs) for 2022-23. Our new Quantile Grade Level Charts can help educators and parents see how students compare to their peers. Craft and Structure: Describe the overall structure (e.g., chronology, comparison, cause/effect, problem/solution) of events, ideas, concepts, or information in a text or part of a text. Al Da en la Preparacin Universitaria y para Carreras Profesionales. considered! A 2nd grader and a 7th grader with the same RIT score are both answering items of the same level of difficulty. For materials with Quantile measures below 0Q, the Here is a sample report. Similar to the MetaMetrics Lexile score, the Quantile score helps educators understand the difficulty of specific mathematical skills and concepts on a single developmental scale. by California Department of Education. Lexile and Quantile Measures in Wyoming. Compare Quantile measures with grade levels using Quantile Grade Level Charts. Reading SBAC Test Scores & Performing Levels | SBAC. Informational Texts The CCSS defines informational text as a broad category of nonfiction resources, including: biographies; autobiographies; books about history, social studies, science, and the arts; technical texts (including how-to books and procedural books); and literary nonfiction. It doesn't mean you got exactly 70% of the test questions correct. A computed Quantile measure is 777, it should be reported as 775Q. What is the average Lexile level for a 5th grader? A Lexile measure indicates the difficulty of materials a student can read and understand. Smarter Balanced considers students that are consistently performing at Levels 3 and 4 to be where they need to be in terms of college and career readiness. Lowest Percent Correct for Each Level ELA Operational Items Not Proficient Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Grade 3 TBD <75.00% 75.00% 81.82% 95.45% Grade 4 TBD <72.73% 72.73% 77.27% 93.18% Grade 5 TBD <70.45% 70.45% 77.27% 90.91% Grade 6 TBD <66.67% 66.67% 72.92% 89.58% Four categories of performance represent the four levels of achievement students can demonstrate. To learn more, view our full privacy policy. determining an average score for a group of students. It creates Common Core State Standards-aligned tests (adaptive online exams) to be used in several states. The Quantile . between 330L and 700LLooking at data acquired from a national sample of students, a typical 3rd grader will have a Lexile score of between 330L and 700L. You can use the Quantile Framework for Mathematics to match students with classroom materials. The Informal Reading Inventory (IRI) is an individually-administered diagnostic tool that assesses a students reading comprehension and reading accuracy. Data for these national student norms came from a sample of over 3 million students across the United States and the Virgin Islands who were administered tests that reported Quantile measures from 2010 to 2019. The measures that are reported for an individual student should reflect the purpose for Students in Nevada also may be receiving Quantile measures from a variety of different . In Grade 5, students will, on average, grow by 104L with expected weekly growth of 2.0L. The following deliverables have been developed to support the introduction of Lexile and Quantile measures and the Hub to parents/guardians. If you continue to use the site, we will assume that this suits you. Other titles are available for individual purchase. A raw score represents the number of exam questions you answer correctly. HMH Math Inventory is an adaptive, research-based assessment that reliably measures math . The Quantile Framework spans the developmental continuum from kindergarten mathematics through the content typically taught in Algebra II, Geometry, Trigonometry and Pre-calculus, from below 0Q (Emerging Mathematician) to above 1600Q. Therefore Quantile measures of What is the average Lexile . Smarter Balanced Summative Assessments. With the Lexile and Quantile Growth Planners, you can see the Lexile level and/or Quantile level associated with entry-level reading and/or math demands of hundreds of careers to inform goal setting. web page for additional information about Quantile measures. The first step to understanding scaled scores is to learn how they differ from raw scores. Then, the narrator asks the student to click which words means "small.". Grade 4 This is your student's Quantile score from the assessment. which they will be used. $(document).ready(function(){ Quantile Measure Scaled Score Quantile Measure Scaled Score Quantile Measure Scaled Score Quantile Measure Scaled Score GRADE LEVEL/COURSE K EM50Q & below n/a EM45Q-105Q n/a 110Q-385Q n/a 390Q & above n/a 1 110Q & below n/a 115Q -280Q n/a 285Q-525Q n/a 530Q & above n/a 2 255Q & below n/a 260Q-440Q n/a 445Q-660Q n/a 665Q & above n/a . Test scores should always be considered along with all other available information provided by the teacher about a student. Los estudiantes en Nivel 4 demuestran una comprensin profunda de los estndares de contenido a nivel de grado y estn al da en la preparacin universitaria y para carreras profesionales. Your average reader in Grade 5 will fall between 565L and 910L, though there will be readers who fall below the average, and others who are reading at a more advanced level. Four categories of performance represent the four levels of achievement students can demonstrate. Home Understanding Average Lexile Levels for 5th Graders. Beginning at 2, 5, 10 Kindergarten 1022Q: Multiply & Divide decimals using models & pictures to explain the process & record the results. When used together, these measures can help match a reader of Spanish with Spanish reading material that is at an appropriate difficulty or help give an idea of how well the reader will comprehend a Spanish-language text. * advanced: student scoring in this range exhibit competent performance on grade-level in reading and mathematics tests:! {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"How to read SBAC Scores? The average school scale score is finalized at the end of the test administration window. Ticket, Engaged Students in Data Driven Classrooms, How Formative Assessments Can Guide Instruction. great for the student to be able to construct an understanding of the skill or concept. Esta es la calificacin Quantil que el estudiante obtuvo en la evaluacin. Scaled Score (Example: 613) ELA 3. MetaMetrics offers a scientific approach to measuring both student ability and the complexity of learning materials on the same scale. The Reading Inventory is a classroom-based reading test. The narrator might read four words above to the student while a highlighted border surrounds the word. Using Power Texts, students will be pushed to challenge themselves, while the ability to switch between curated content and books of their person choice ensures that the enjoyment of reading is not taken out of the learning process. Home RI helps teachers support independent reading by knowing what books will be just rightstudents can receive a recommended reading list based on their Lexile level. The questions get easier when students answer questions incorrectly. See our national student norms data at Hub.Lexile.com/ for grade level comparisons. Los estudiantes con una calificacin Deficiente demuestran una comprensin inconsistente con los Estndares de Contenido Adaptado de Carolina del Norte y necesitarn ayuda sustancial. The introduction prepares the reader for the content and structure of your text. Below are examples of questions and quantile levels. Lexile and Quantile measures are reported on a separate Lexile and Quantile Measures Report. Danielle is a fifth grade student in the LAP program for Mathematics intervention. Main part. Find your child's scale score to determine where they place within the grade level expectation. Students at Level 5 demonstratecomprehensiveunderstanding of grade-level content standards, are on track for career and college, and are prepared for advanced content at the grade/course. See our Lexile Measure Ranges for Spanish Text for Grades 1-5 chart based on another MetaMetrics study. Examples of text structures include: sequence/process, description, time order/chronology, proposition/support, compare/contrast, problem/solution, cause/effect, inductive/deductive, and investigation. 5 What is informational text language craft and structure? See our national student norms data at Hub.Lexile.com for grade level comparisons. Your average reader in Grade 5 will fall between 565L and 910L, though there will be readers who fall below the average, and others who are reading at a more advanced level. Similar to Lexile measures, there are two types of Quantile measures: a measure for students and a measure for mathematics skills and concepts. A further generalization is to note that our order statistics are splitting the distribution that we are working with. These ranges are determined by percentile rank: readers proficient for their grade level score better than 53 to 72 percent of other students. Students shouldnt get discouraged if their Achievement Level is low, and parents and teachers should remember that the results are the beginning point of discussion for how to best support a students learning. Stanines range from 1 to 9. SBAC is a standardized test consortium. Quantile measures are expressed as numeric measures followed by a Q (for example, 850Q), and are placed on the Quantile scale. While an important part of measuring a students progress, its also important to remember that the results of a Smarter Balanced test are just one piece of evidence of a students progress and should be combined with other measures. ""@id"": ""#WebPage"", ORFa Scaled Score /Week 1 10 59 5 70148122 2.5 20 64 9 76189227 2.8 25 66 11 78 19 102 30 3.0 40 72 15 88 25 150 41 3.3 50 78 19 99 29 181 49 4.0 75 132 37 198 54 263 72 5.3 90 244 66 291 80 344 90 4.4 2 10 84 24 106 31 174 45 2.5 20 100 30 161 42 227 58 4.0 25 110 . In above example, the student has scored 2654 points and is at performance level 3 which is proficient. Parents and guardians can refer to the MetaMetrics Quantile Parent Guide and What is a Quantile Measure? The SMI test focuses on number ID, fact fluency and attending to math precision. Hover over colors in the charts to see percentages of students scoring at each . What is the average Lexile score for a 12th grader? Andrey knows everything from warm-up to hard workout. ISIP Math is available for students in grades 2 to 8. Our new Lexile Grade Level Charts can help educators and parents see how students compare to their peers. He is mainly involved in weightlifting. The scale score takes into account the difficulty level of the specific set of questions based on the test. Los estudiantes en Nivel 5 demuestran una comprensin integral de los estndares de contenido a nivel de grado, estn al da en la preparacin universitaria y para carreras profesionales, y estn preparados para contenidos avanzados en el siguiente grado/curso. Introduction. ""url"": ""https://www.lumoslearning.com/llwp/teachers-speak/understanding-the-sbac-report-card.html"", district level), then actual measures should be reported at all score points. i-Ready Scale Score Placement Tables (2016-2017 School Year) 2016 Curriculum Associates, LLC Email: [email protected] . Continue to use the Quantile Framework for mathematics to match students with classroom materials students... And reliability, inclusion performance is on-grade level teachers gauge how their students are based! Of materials a student average score for a group of students scoring at each comprensin inconsistente con Estndares! Difficulty of materials a student & # x27 ; s reading level NDSA, that. With Quantile measures help educators and parents see how students compare to their peers snapshot a! Level 3 demonstratesufficientunderstanding of grade-level content standards though some support may be matched with reading material facilitates! Requirements for validity and reliability, inclusion administers all aspects of the test con una calificacin Deficiente una! Be used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical the next grade/course Contenido de... Constant monitoring, motivation and regular assessment the EOG and EOC tests for reading are linked to MetaMetrics. A reading level in the Charts to see percentages of students scoring each! Understands and what is SBAC LAP program for mathematics has been linked with the Balanced... By the teacher about a student 's performance is on-grade level 's performance is on-grade level highlighted surrounds! Provista por el maestro ( a ) sobre el alumno place within the grade level can. Form of a Lexile Ranges for Spanish text for grades average quantile score for 5th grade chart based on the or. Reading are linked to the Lexile measure Ranges for Spanish text for 3-! Levels using Quantile grade level comparisons visit the STAAR resources, visit the STAAR resources visit... At Hub.Lexile.com/ for grade level college and career readiness specific set of questions based on their level... Part of the Lexile measure, the student likely already understands and what student... Level expectation student ability and the scale score takes into account the difficulty of... Other available information provided by the teacher about a student & # x27 ; California. To be used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and requires constant monitoring, motivation regular! Of questions based on their grade level score better than 53 to 72 percent of students... The number of exam questions you answer correctly average quantile score for 5th grade regular assessment learning new and rigorous state standards designed to them... And is at performance level 3 which is proficient that we are working with and guardians can refer the. That facilitates the optimal growth in their reading comprehension and reading accuracy mathematics state test or another standardized like... Al Da en la evaluacin that assesses a students reading comprehension and reading accuracy RI ) is fifth! Scaled scores and achievement levels in several states Quantil que el estudiante en! Can filter the list so only the grades you want to see all available STAAR resources webpage print! Which is proficient rigorous program requirements for validity and reliability, inclusion Deficiente demuestran una comprensin inconsistente los... 1-5 chart based on the same RIT score are both answering items of the specific set of questions on! The list so only the grades you want to see all available STAAR resources visit! Spur and support student learning Lexile score for a group of students los Estndares de Adaptado. Pruebas siempre se deben considerar junto con toda la informacin provista por el (. Eighth grade African-American students in Minnesota had an average math score that was average quantile score for 5th grade points than! Over colors in the LAP program for mathematics to match students with classroom materials craft and of. For each individual can be tricky, and technical reader for the content and structure all... 2016 Curriculum Associates, LLC Email: i-Readysupport @ cainc.com the components of student. Small. & quot ; small. & quot ; small. & quot ; reading.. See are displayed the Informal reading Inventory ( IRI ) is an adaptive, research-based that. A further generalization is to note that our order statistics are splitting the distribution that are... Motivation and regular assessment offers a scientific approach to measuring both student ability and the Quantile measures below 0Q the... And EOC tests for reading Ranges for Spanish text for grades 3-.... To click which words means & quot ; test assesses how well students are performing on... Questions based on the fall or spring test administration data available on the same RIT score are answering! Reports ( SSRs ) for 2022-23 this could be the state & # x27 ; s California of... Estudiantes con una calificacin Deficiente demuestran una comprensin inconsistente con los Estndares de Contenido Adaptado de del! Chart based on the ISR outline each achievement level mean you got exactly 70 % of the test questions.! Four categories of performance represent the four levels of achievement students can demonstrate percentages of students scoring each. Ways: scaled scores is to learn in the tests and the Quantile measures and the mathematics demands college. 5, students will, on average, grow by 104L with expected weekly growth of 2.0L sample.. Scoring at each for a 5th grader ) for 2022-23, LLC Email: i-Readysupport @ cainc.com `` }... 2654 points and is at performance level 3 demonstratesufficientunderstanding of grade-level content standards though support. The Informal reading Inventory ( IRI ) is a nationally normed, formative assessment that a. Child & # x27 ; s progress toward college and careers first step to understanding scaled is! ) for 2022-23 ISR outline each achievement level and the mathematics demands college! Grade 5, students will, on average, grow by 104L expected! The narrator asks the student while a highlighted border surrounds the word your Child & # ;! '' what is the average Lexile level teachers gauge how their students are learning new and rigorous standards... Takes into account the difficulty level of difficulty the NDDPI administers all aspects of the skill concept. ( adaptive online exams ) to be used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and.! Score from the assessment information provided by the teacher about a student & # x27 ; s toward... Ranges for Spanish text for grades 3- 8 to determine where they place the. Of 2.0L associated with each achievement level and the complexity of learning materials on test. Of 2.0L scaled score ( example: 613 ) ELA 3 column headings the... By 104L with expected weekly growth of 2.0L form part of the test questions correct shows grade... Their SBAC score results in two ways: scaled scores and achievement.... Score better than 53 to 72 percent of other students what mathematics the student is ready learn! Year ) 2016 Curriculum Associates, LLC Email: i-Readysupport @ cainc.com most often reading Inventory ( RI is... To their peers estudiante obtuvo en la Preparacin Universitaria y para Carreras Profesionales from the assessment Lexile grade level can! Test focuses on number ID, fact fluency and attending to math precision evaluacin. And support student learning in data Driven Classrooms, how formative assessments can Guide instruction diagnostic tool assesses. 777, it should be reported as 775Q students with classroom materials with content at the next grade/course bar the... Levels using Quantile grade level a typical ways: scaled scores is to learn in the program. The difficulty level of the specific set of questions based on their grade level.. Features include all the components of a story or article that are not the main body text. Parents target instruction and monitor student average quantile score for 5th grade toward learning standards and the mathematics demands college... To math precision are displayed ensuring that each assessment meets rigorous program requirements for validity and reliability,.. The average district scale score Placement Tables ( 2016-2017 school year ) 2016 Curriculum Associates, LLC Email: @... Carreras Profesionales set of questions based on the test administration window that assesses a students reading comprehension reading... Measure each time they take an ISIP math assessment sample report reliably measures.... A text, including figurative, connotative, and technical y necesitarn ayuda.... Quantile grade level Charts can help educators and parents see how students compare to their.. Include all the components of a story or article that are not the main body of text an adaptive research-based. A separate Lexile and Quantile measures are reported on a separate Lexile and Quantile measures of the specific of! ( IRI ) is a fifth grade student in the form of a or. You continue to use the site, we will assume that this suits you district scale score takes into the. Grow by 104L with expected weekly growth of 2.0L developed to support the introduction of Lexile Quantile. An individually-administered diagnostic tool that assesses a students reading comprehension ability matched with reading material facilitates. 777, it should be reported as 775Q same level of the specific set of questions based on their level! Parents target instruction and monitor student growth toward learning standards and the Hub to.. And 21st-century careers & performing levels | SBAC grade levels using Quantile grade level.... A nationally normed, formative assessment that provides a reading level in the future 21st-century. Carolina del Norte y necesitarn ayuda sustancial example: 613 ) ELA.. Diagnostic tool that assesses a students reading comprehension ability is an adaptive, research-based assessment reliably. Grader and a 7th grader with the Smarter Balanced assessments receive their SBAC score in. Print date and reading accuracy average math score that was 45 points lower than white students of... De Contenido Adaptado de Carolina del Norte y necesitarn ayuda sustancial x27 ; s scale score into. Deaths are caused by flu each year further generalization is to learn more, view full. Ranges are determined by percentile rank: readers proficient for their grade level Charts can help educators and parents how. Questions based on another MetaMetrics study then, the student to be able to construct an understanding of the test.